The Effects of Misconduct on the Armed Forces

The armed forces of the United States is one of the most feared and respected military organizations in the world. This image is helped by documentaries, news reports and even by the movies. But the real reason why the US military is considered very powerful and a dangerous enemy can be understood after reading the following explanation:The United States military is unique in the amount of power it can project globally. Although France and the United Kingdom, as well as Germany, Spain, Italy, PRC, and European Union, are capable of projecting power overseas, the United States military is the only one with the higher military capacity to fight a major regional war at a distance from its homeland. The U.S. is also one of the few nations in the world that has a sizable nuclear arsenal and maintains active doctrines for plausible nuclear attack operations. (see Wikipedia: US Military).This is why America is feared and respected. Although there is reason to believe that Americans would pr efer that their country and its citizens are respected rather than feared; there is also a lot of apprehension over the notion that U.S. superpower is a bully in the global theater.This negative image which others believe to be the dark side of this great institution is   putting a lot of pressure on the military organization to behave appropriately and to borrow from their lingo: there should be no conduct unbecoming a military officer. For when this happens the chain reaction can be unbelievable. One indiscretion and the whole structure will be placed in a bad light. Consider for example relatively recent events about U.S. soldiers abusing POW’s and some of its members involved in an alleged rape case overseas are a few instances when the rest of the world shakes its head and would love to believe that all this power had corrupted the men and women in uniform.In order to prevent such misconduct and to keep its integrity intact the U.S. military is keeping in place a syste m of rules, regulations, traditions, and protocols that would ensure that the rest of the world will hold the said institution in high esteem.Military DisciplineThe word discipline when put inside the world of soldiers takes on a different meaning. This has nothing to do with the kind of discipline kids get at home when they fail to do their homework or when they do not clean their room. Discipline in the ordinary day to day life of normal people can sometimes mean a temporary abstinence on doing something or a temporary increase in work volume to accomplish a task or simply to grit ones teeth and do something that is normally not done if the circumstances are more favorable. In the military soldiers do not wait until things are worse before they will begin to be disciplined.In other worlds soldiers do not wait until they are overweight before they start doing morning jogs and calisthenics. They trained before the need arises, they practice long and hard before the fight and they pr epare before the crisis. Discipline in the Army, Navy and the Air Forces is a lifestyle. It can be said that it is more than a lifestyle in fact it is the blood that keeps the institution alive and the invisible force that holds it together. Without discipline the armed forces can easily disintegrate in quickly destroying everything in its path including itself. The infamous tortures at the Abu Ghraib prison – where prisoners of war were being held – was well documented and shown around the world.It was an example of a breakdown in discipline. And noncommissioned officers figured prominently in this fiasco. CNN reporters J. Johns, D. Ensor and M. Mount quoted Rep. Jane Harman in a letter to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and Harman said, â€Å"The fog of war is thick, but these acts of abuse and humiliation contradict international norms, military regulations and the very values that our military fights to defend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (see CNN.com)The report adds that a ll the perpetrators were, â€Å"†¦all officers or noncommissioned officers† (Johns, Ensor & Mount). In an ideal setting this should not have happened especially in the presence of NCOs.The Role of Noncommissioned OfficersNCOs are leaders, period. The military cannot function without leadership as much as a body cannot survive without a head. Everything depends upon leadership and in this regard NCOs play a major role.An Army Officer’s guidebook expounds on the meaning of the term and it says:A leader is people fitted by force of ideas, character, or genius, or by strength of will or administrative ability, to arouse, incite, and direct men in conduct and achievement. Leadership is the art of imposing one’s will upon others in such a manner as to command their respect, their confidence, and their whole-hearted cooperation. (Bonn, 320)In the NCO guidebook leadership is seen as basic in the structure of the U.S. armed forces and it says, â€Å"Leadership, des pite the great strides in technology, remains the same – influencing and motivating people to get the job done† (Rush, 34).  With regards to the NCOs taking up a part of the burden of leadership, Rudyard Kipling was quoted as saying, â€Å"The backbone of the army is the noncommissioned man!† (as qtd. in Fisher, 3).An article in Wikipedia’s website expounds on the words of Kipling:The noncommissioned officer corps is the junior management of the military. An experienced NCO corps is a key component of Western armies: in many cases NCOs are credited as being the metaphorical backbone of their service. By contrast, the weak NCO corps of the modern-day Russian armed forces, and those modeled after it, is widely blamed for the general ineffectiveness of those militaries. (see Wikipedia: Noncommissioned Officers)NCOs and the Concept of DisciplineThe U.S. military structure amounts to a pile of junk without discipline and the people that are tasked to instill discipline and order in the ranks are the noncommissioned officers. NCOs do the dirty work and this is very much evident in shaping a bunch of boys who know nothing about authority and following orders prior to enlistment into hardened men who will obey first before they complain.  Discipline is very important in the military because it is an organization tasked to do jobs that are out of the ordinary and in many instances, in life and death situations. These kinds of jobs will determine the safety of a country, the lives of their fellow soldiers or the civilians under their sphere of influence.NCOs instills this concept of a more serious kind of discipline by being an example for his men. In Semper Fi, a book about the highly respected U.S. Marine corps, a description of the NCO’s methodology – in terms of how he earns the respect of his men and how he hammers discipline into their system – was provided by the authors:The authority of the Marine NCO does not rest on fear; its foundation is the well-earned respect of equally tough men. He leads, and inspires, by being the man he wants his troops to become. The NCO personifies his expectations of the men he commands. He wants his Marines to look â€Å"squared away† and so he dresses and marches smartly himself. Since he wants to instill instant obedience, his men will see him obey instantly when an officer commands. He wants his men to be aggressive in combat, so he himself is the epitome of aggressiveness. The Marine Corps NCO, through his own behavior, creates a desire to be like him. (Carrison and Walsh, 69)The apt description of what an NCO is all about as presented by Carrison and Walsh answers the question on what happens when NCOs misbehave. Using the ideas discussed earlier it would be easy to list the reason why NCOs should always be the quintessential soldier.First of all it is due to his position as part of the leadership of the armed forces. An NCOs actions does not go unobserved and will always be an influence and guide to the new recruit and those under his command. If the NCO is unruly, does not follow orders and breaks the code of conduct then it is not surprising for the rest of the soldiers to do the same.An NCO could not afford to appear irresponsible and uncontrollable or speaks in a manner that show disrespect to his superiors and fellow officers simply because he is not in a normal setting. In an office or in a school perhaps undisciplined behavior and a rebellious attitude towards authority will not really cause too much damage in relative proportion to a similar behavior in the army. When NCO acts like a spoiled brat men dies and blood flows unnecessarily. Worse, the unit can be in grave physical danger and the morale of the troops would significantly decrease leading in more losses and more damage.The chain reaction from an NCO’s lack of prudence can not simply be taken lightly as the repercussions will be felt for many generat ions. And this is not an exaggeration. The following is an account of what happened more than 200 years ago – in America’s war of independence – that helped changed the course of history. It is a testament to the fact that undisciplined men would cause a series of events that will lead to catastrophe:Following the British victory at the Battle of Long Island in August 1776, Queens County came under military’s control [†¦] From the outset, military officials realized that the war had both military and political dimensions. [†¦] Military misconduct against civilians would only create enmity, hinder the effective prosecution of the war and make post war reconciliation more difficult [†¦] By wars end the people of Queens had become, not loyal subjects, but Patriots – as much by British default as by personal choice. (Fingerhut and Tiedermann, 50)ConclusionThe effect of military misconduct especially when an NCO exhibits such undesirable behavior will first result in a breakdown of discipline but it will not end there. The men under the NCOs command will use said breakdown as an excuse for caving in under pressure. Thus when the going gets tough the men who witnessed insubordination and disrespect to senior officers will use that as an excuses for not following orders and then a chain reaction follows.When things begin to turn really uncontrollable, when the spirit of discipline that holds the army together is gone, the same soldiers who are selfless, hard workers, united and having one mind and heart will suddenly transform into a selfish monster who will do everything that seems to be right base on selfish interests. The result of which is written in the annals of military history. These events are labeled as infamous but it has cost more than shame it has resulted in the deaths and humiliation of the innocents. But from a military’s point of view it all boils down to failure in accomplishing a mission and for some cases it means losing the war.Works CitedBonn, Keith E. Army Officer’s Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002.Carrison, Dan and Rod Walsh. Semper Fi: Business Leadership the Marine Corps Way.New York: American Management Association, 1999.Fingerhut, Eugene R., and Tiedermann, J.S. The Other New York: The American RevolutionBeyond New York City. New York: State University of New York Press, 2005.Fisher, E. F. Jr. Guardians of the Republic: A History of the Noncommissioned officer corps of  the U.S. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001.â€Å"Military of the United States.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 27 May 2006. Wikimedia  Ã‚  Ã‚   Foundation, Inc. 28 May 2006 .â€Å"Non-commissioned officer.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 24 May 2006. Wikimedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Foundation, Inc. 28 May 2006 .Rush, Robert S. NCO Guide. 7th ed. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003.

Geo Assignment

Devin Purcell February 25th 2013 GEO1050 Ryan Gibson Assignment #2: Growing Resource Consumption and Scarcity a) The baseline year of the data used in these models is 1985. b) The period of projection for these models range from 1985 to 2025 a 40 year span. c) The three components of total water demand are: Population growth, Economic Development and Projected changes in water use efficiency. ) DIA/Q refers to the ratio of Domestic, Industrial, and irrigated Agriculture used of water, to the total river discharge (Q), it is presumed to show the total sustainable water supply that is available to local human populations. e) If DIA/Q is less than 0. 1, there is very little water stress. f) If DIA/Q is greater than 0. 4, there is severe water stress. g) SC1 – diverse climate, but specific magnitude and spatial distribution of human population and water removal levels from 1985 SC2 – applied projected water demands for 2025 but used runoff and discharge based on contemporar y climate.SC3 – varied climate and water demand. Assumptions: Impacts of human growth under SC2 and SC3 will therefore generally show population growth and migration as compared to increasing water usage. Effect of SC1 produces little change from 1985. Collective impact of raising water demands for SC2 and SC3 is obvious. h) Smith is most scared by SC3 because it suggests that the weather and climate change in the world, human population growth, or both it will increase low levels of water.Low levels of water are almost guaranteed to become a bigger problem all to affecting a greater area in the globe. a) Smith suggests that the water scarcity levels in Canada are very low since everyone has free access to water. b) Many areas which were named by the boil advisory are in coastal regions and less populated communities as well. It is less effective by the Government to put money into these rural regions rather than larger more urbanized cities, where the water would be tight an d help support more people.The rural areas in cities do not get the same water treatment as urbanized areas and must boil their water c) Newfoundland should be fine with regards to water scarcity due to the fact that everyone in the province and surrounding areas has free access to water. Since, everyone around the province is able to access water almost anywhere freely and hassle free there is a very little chance of our province running low on water and it becoming a major problem throughout the province.

Biometric System at Blackadder Recruitment-Free-Samples for Students

Discuss about the Biometric System at Blackadder Recruitment. Blackadder Recruitment is a Sydney based recruitment firm. They are known in the industry for providing best manpower services across industries. At this point of time, the organization is using the old register method to record the attendance of the employees. With increasing number of employees, this is b ing a difficult task for the HR as well as the payroll department to record the in-time, out-time, leaves and half-day work of the employees. Due to this, the HR team at Blackadder recruitment has proposed to implement automated system (Blackadder Recruitment 2018). Blackadder recruitment would be implementing biometric system to record the attendance. The biometric system would be directly linked to the payroll software. This will help the HR department to track the attendance of employees efficiently and also the salaries can be processed accordingly. Initially, the team size of the organization was just 12 employees and hence, the HR department was easily able to manage the attendance, in-time and out-time of all the employees, but now, the team size has increased to 60 and it is expected to increase more with acquisition of new clients. To have a proper system in place, the organization should implement biometric system. The employees will swipe their finger as and when they walk-in or walk-out and hence, attendance tracking would b e easy and at the same time, the employees cannot cheat. The system can a modate up to 3000 employees and hence, the organization can implement this once and it. The cost of the system is $5000 to $7000 and this is a one-time investment. The maintenance can be easily taken care by the existing IT department in the organization (Oh 2013). Blackadder recruitment can consider the below two organizations for the implementation of biometric system. PeopleKey and Biometix have shared their quotation with the HR department at Blackadder recruitment. The organization will have to make a sound decision based on their requirement. Upgrade (as and when new feature es up) After much thought and consideration, the organization decided to proceed with PeopleKey and few of the reasons are discussed below. It is merely impossible for the HR department to implement the system all alone. All the team leads and managers would be called for the implementation and they would be municated about the problems that the HR department is facing due to the register method which is currently used to record attendance. The employees are forging their in-time and out-time and also their leave record. The team leads and managers will accept to the fact that this is creating an impact on their productivity as well (McGorry 2015). All the team leads will municate to their respective team about the implementation of new biometric system and also the advantages of the same. In the meantime, a team from PeopleKey would meet up with the employees to understand their queries and sort it. There are possibilities that the system may be down sometimes and may not record the attendance so in such situations, this can be rectified by the HR team so this training was also provided to them. The HR department municated to employees about the problem with the old system and the benefits that they would reap by implementation of this. The organization will be paying overtime bonus to employees as an incentive and this motivated the employees to accept the change with open arms (King 2015). An implementation plan would ensure that the system is implemented successfully and it is as follows: - All the employees in the organization will have to follow the below procedure for usage of the system. All the employees in the organization should be involved in implementation process and hence, the below munication would be shared with the employees. We are growing and its proud feeling for each of us. With growth, the organization’s dependence on technology grows. To fulfill our requirement, we are implementing a biometric system for the purpose of recording the attendance. For the same, you need to meet up with the IT department to register your fingerprint. Once your fingerprint is registered, you just need to swipe your finger in the biometric system rather than that of being dependent on the old register method (Javalgi 2013). All the employees in the organization will be trained by the PeopleKey officials on how to use the system, the advantages and also the benefits that other similar organizations have found with the usage of this biometric. The IT employees in the organization will be hand holded for the first 2 months while they do the registration, this will make them feel confident. Similarly, the HR department will also be trained to make modifications from the backend. If there are any technical glitches, the IT or HR department can raise a service request on the portal and the same would be addressed by the concerned person in maximum of 48 working hours (Huggins 2015). Risk with implementation of biometric system and also the risk management plan Risks associated with implementation of this biometric system and also the risk management plans are as follows. Demotivation among employees as they may feel that the management doesn’t trust them There are possibilities that the system may not work due to technical glitches or power concern The criteria to monitor the performance of the system are as follows: - To ensure that the system is safe, the registration rights would be present with the IT department alone. Similarly, the right to rectify in-time and out-time in the system would lie with the HR alone. These credentials will not be shared with anyone else. Blackadder recruitment is growing continuously and hence, the organization would be soon implementing payroll software. At that point of time, the attendance software would be synced with the payroll software. The attendance will directly move to the payroll system so that the manual work can be reduced to a great extent. The biometric system is already synced to the existing intranet and it is capable enough to hold the attendance record of 3 years. To be on the safer side, the attendance of all employees would be recorded in the file on monthly basis (Hemphill 2013). With the implementation of biometric system, the below aspects of business has improved. The changing business needs which needs to be addressed by the management are as follows: - To start with, the management should allow the employees to regularize their attendance (Herciu   2013). The munication that would be shared with the employees is as follows: - The employees can regularize their attendance rather than sharing an email request to the manager and then the HR. Please visit the pany’s portal, login and click on regularize option. Over here, you will see your existing time and you can enter the new time. Once done, click on submit. This would go to your manager for approval. Once approved, the revised time would be visible on your portal (Hunseok 2013). The HR department will give face-to-face training to all employees so that they can understand the regularization process. After that, a video would be recorded and this video would be shared with all the employees so that they can view it, as and when required. The implementation of biometric system at Blackadder recruitment will help the employees to view their actual attendance at all point of time. The payroll department can also easily plete the payroll without any errors. Blackadder Recruitment, 2018, Multi Specialist, Cross Sector, Viewed on March 14, 2018, https://blackadder .au Biometix, 2018, Consult, Viewed on March 14, 2018, https://www.biometix /consult/ Hunseok, O, 2013, How can we assess and evaluate the petitive advantage of a country’s human resource development system? Asia Pacific Education Review, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 151-159 Herciu, M,   2013, Measuring international petitiveness of Romania by using porter’s diamond and revealed parative advantage, Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 6, pp. 273-279 Hemphill, T, 2013, China’s National Champions: The evolution of a National industrial policy – or a new era of economic protectionism? Thunderbird International Business Review, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 193-212 Hiziroglu, M, 2013, An investigation on petitiveness in services: Turkey versus European Union, Journal of Economic studies, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 775-793 Huggins, R, 2015, The petitive advantage of nations: origins and journey, petitiveness review, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 458-47 Javalgi, R, 2013, Strategies for sustaining the edge in offshore outsourcing of service: the case of India, Journal of Business & Industrial marketing, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 475-486 Ketelhohn, N, 2015, The central American petitiveness initiative, petitiveness Review, vol. 25, 25, no. 5, pp. 555-570 King, K, 2015,   A disadvantaged advantage of walkability: findings from socioeconomic and geographical analysis of national built environment data in the United States, American journal of epidemiology, vol. 181, no. 1, pp. 17-25 Mallya, S, 2014, Block Building Corporate and Nations: Global Strategy, SCMS Journal of Indian Management , vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 11-19 McGorry, P, 2015, Australian early psychosis research network: National collaboration, international petitive advantage, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 170-178 Oh, H, 2013, parative analysis of OECD member countries’ parative advantage in National Human Resource development system, Asia Pacific Education Review, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 189-208 PeopleKey, 2018, Time and Attendance, Viewed on March 14, 2018, https://www.peoplekey /time-attendance/ With a decade's experience in providing essay help, The management will explain the concern that the HR department and the payroll department is facing due to the manual way of attendance recording The employees will be paid overtime whenever they work for long hours If the employee wants to leave 2 hours early for personal work or due to no work in office then the manager can approve the same and no salary would be deducted for the same The employees will have to record attendance in the register for few days The attendance record would be updated by the HR department from the The IT department would be trained to address the technical glitches so that the dependency on PeopleKey technicians can be reduced to a great extent (Hiziroglu 2013).

The Evolution of Active Directory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Evolution of Active Directory - Essay Example This component was introduced in window 2000 operating system, which was an improvement of window NT 4.0. According to Alcott (2002), this component extended the directory services available on its predecessor, window NT 4.0. This component had a domain controller that could be used to control and manage personal domains. It also introduced networking components, which enabled management of several computers by a single administrator. It also could manage users and user groups that use a computer as well as the services that the computer is used to provide. Compared to its predecessor, this component was a great boost to information technology during the era when it was introduced. This component was introduced at a time we can call the ‘internet age’. This was the time when the internet had just been introduced and had become widely used in different organizations. With introduction of internet, there was a need for greater computer networking to enhance sharing of info rmation among several computers. Since this feature introduced networking components that enhanced sharing of information not only among computers within a domain but also among different computers in different domains within the server. Because of this property, this component could enhance information management in an organization and thus it enabled organizations to use internet effectively. Compared to the directory in the earlier versions of the windows, the active directory was easy to use and operate. One of the reasons for this was that most of its components were automated (Heywood & Ahmad 2001). This means that they could run automatically without requiring the commands of the user or administrator and thus they were very easy to use. Another reason according to Heywood & Ahmad (2001) is that the components, which were not automated, were self-explanatory and thus very easy to use even by a person with little Information Technology knowledge. Because of this property of ac tive directory, it was widely used by various organizations in managing its information and sharing of their information. However, according to Shapiro (2008), the active directory found in window server 2000 operating system could not authenticate validate users that have local accounts. This means that some of these users could access or use information not meant for them. These users could also share such information and therefore there was a lot of information insecurity. Moreover, this component did not have a command-line interface that would help in the management of the server, workstation, or network. This made it difficult for users and administrators to optimize the benefits that could be derived from proper management of the server and the workstation. Since most organizations had networks that were used to share large information, lack of this component really acted as a limiting factor to information sharing. According to Keplan & Dunn (2006), active directory is an in tegral part of window server that cannot be purchased and installed separately in windows. This means that a person cannot be able to use it without using window server 2000 operating system. This actually makes this component to be only accessible to only the individuals who were using window 2000 operating sy

Affects of Combat PTSD on Sexual Intimacy Research Paper

Affects of Combat PTSD on Sexual Intimacy - Research Paper Example The â€Å"suffering in silence† can never be studied and seen in the limelight until a pure study based on survey and facts is carried out. The main intention of the article is to have a deep insight into the problems many couples have to face because of the physical and emotional injuries of the home coming, apparently safe yet internally and emotionally damaged soldiers. The article will be compare and contrast two main studies in which different cases of   Ã¢â‚¬Ëœposttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) hit soldiers’ are discussed with studied facts and figures; then the results will be deduced based on the contextual analysis of the real time happenings and events. First source The first source is titled as â€Å"Sexual Functioning in War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder† authored by Vesna Anticevic and Dolores Britvic published in August 2008, in Croatian medical journal, which is an open literary journal which invites the medics and health experts from all over the world to write experts reports and articles on diverse health related issues and their solutions. Croatian medical journal is fully indexed and reviewed by CC/CM, Index Medicus/MEDLINE, Biosis, Excerpta Medica and ExtraMED (Hrcak, 2011). The addressed article focuses on studying the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the war veterans that have come from different war zones. The goal of the study is to find out the ratio of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the soldiers who stay away from their wives for a extended period of time and then return home after suffering many war injuries, emotional damages and brutal live imagery in their experiences in the war field. The method of study was observatory; one in which primarily a group of 101 war veterans with PTSD participated. The other group was 55 control volunteers which were healthy in the perspective of sexual functioning and mental stability receiving outpatient health care in different facultie s. The two groups were studied and observed under different supervisory committees of doctors and the observed results were documented later on (NCBI, 2008). During the study, different health determinants and variables were analyzed in order to deduce the results; for example the rate of masturbation, sexual inter-course, ratio of premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunctional problems, antidepressant intakes, sexual fantasies, sexual activities and mental participation of soldiers and volunteers in sex were analyzed and recorded. Based on close observation and keen analysis of the two groups, the results depicted that war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder had erectile dysfunction problems along with sexual inactivity and hypoactive sexual desires. On the other hand, these problems were present in a much depleted way in the control group which was of healthy control volunteers. Second Source The second article is titled as â€Å"DoD studies intimacy issues among combat ve ts† which focuses on the sexual activity problems with the war veterans. The intent of the report is to highlight the fact that the life of the soldiers who have come home safely after serving in the war zone is not always that easy as it might look apparently. The report illustrates the real story of different couples and how they have been facing different problems in bed and intimacy in the post war scenario. Many soldiers

Electro Mcnichael Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Electro Mcnichael - Assignment Example The main electrical systems supplied by the emergency power supply include navigation and communication equipment, emergency lighting, the fire and sprinkler pumps, the water tight doors and lifts, the steer gear and bilge pump. The system is automatically connected to the emergency switchboard and is automatically started if the main power source goes off. The system is always located higher up and outside the engine room spaces. This insulates them from any damage and / or fire to the engine room. Batteries in ships are backup source of power as an emergency system or form part of the standby power system installed to protect property and life from the various consequences of loss of primary power supply. They are an excellent source and store for electrical power since they are used as instant supply source of available energy. They are also used to provide low voltage direct current supply on regular basis to various machines on the deck and engine. Generally, there are two types of batteries used onboard a ship; the lead acid batteries and the alkaline batteries. The Lead – Acid batteries also known accumulators consist of six separate cells in a series and each cell contains a lead peroxide plate as the positive terminal and a lead plate as the negative terminal which are both immersed in dilute sulphuric acid, the two plates are known as electrodes and the sulphuric acid is known as the electrolyte. This whole arrangement is kept in a leak proof casing. The two plates are joined by a wire and this develops a potential across this wire which eventually ensures current starts flowing through it. These batteries develop a total output of 12 volts since each cell in the series has a potential of producing 2 volts. The Lead Acid accumulators used currently has many plates which are interleaved in one cell. For proper insulation the whole arrangement

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Review - Essay Example In a more comprehensive sense, the song teaches life skills that are important to learn for the execution of daily activities in life. It has a repetitive approach in the form of a song that is attractive to the intended audience. It makes the audience have a sense of time and ensure punctuality in all their endeavors. It uses a simple language that is understandable and gives a full preview of the day’s activities from home to school and back. It analyzes different activities from the time they wake to the time they go to sleep. The songs objective is to teach young children how to observe the time by memorizing their daily activities. The song uses a repetitive style so that children can internalize it and understand their responsibilities. It gives a narrative of the children activities throughout the day in a comprehensive way that captures every aspect of their lives. In that accord, it demonstrates some important subjects such as cleanliness, education, health, and play for the children. The information is illustrated in various media such as audio, video and print. The song writer intended it for elementary school. The method used, and the format depicts the experience of young children. This is a class of children who cannot comprehend complex subject or learning methods and, therefore, rely on simple repetitive songs and poems. Their proficiency is very minimal because they are at the beginners’ level of training. The type that fits this style of study is between 3 to 5 years. This is evident in the repetitive style of the song. Additionally, the themes reveal the audience to be people in their first stages of life. They are taught the essential activities like washing themselves, going to school, playing, cleanliness, and sleeping time. These are important topics in children in the above age bracket because they help in their physical and cognitive development. According to

The Role of Amino Acid R-groups to the Structure and Function of Lab Report - 1

The Role of Amino Acid R-groups to the Structure and Function of Ligand-Protein Complexes - Lab Report Example Biologically proteins functions well when stable hence the need for enzymes that helps in maintaining their stability (Bruylants). The folding of proteins takes place mainly while they are biologically active. This knowledge is widely employed rational drug design, and biopharmaceutical production in developing stable proteins for various production and function. The process is not as easy as it may look since it requires the knowledge of correct folding and the amount of forces required during the folding process. Ability of folding of proteins, which forms basic units of amino acids can be measured using several detectable and analytical machines and instruments. Ligand is a molecule that is always targeting a protein site leading to binding. The process of binding is through various forces such as van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and intermolecular forces (Baron). The process of binding has an effect of altering the shape of the ligand. The process of binding and coming together is known as affinity. The ligand binding affinity power depends on the type of forces that exist in the process and the amount of the intermolecular forces existing in the chemical molecule. Longer distance While looking at the difference of these amino acids it is important to look at the molecular weight and their structures, which transforms to the rate to front between these amino acids . Cysteine has a molecular weight of 121.1150 and the only binding factor is the sulphur molecule, which does not give it any much more weight. Alanine has the last weight with 89.0935 due to the possession of only three carbon molecules and a carboxylic group. Serine has 105.0930 weights and has four carbon molecules, which increases the tie for rate to front. Aspartic acid has the highest weight of 13.1032 since is possess the amino group. In addition to this, the amino acid also contains the carboxyl group, which reduces its rate

Evaluation of the Australian Government Quality Teacher Programme 1999 Coursework

Evaluation of the Australian Government Quality Teacher Programme 1999 to 2004 - Coursework Example Are key concepts easy to identify in the research report? b. Are key concepts explicitly defined? What meaning is given to them? c. Are the concepts used consistently throughout the document? d. Are key concepts consistent with the theoretical framing set for the study? With each other? e. Are the key concepts used in this study in touch with current times? Are they in keeping with the practices documented/reported in the study? Are they usefully explanatory? 3. Methodology 3.1 Research design a. Is the design clearly stated? b. Is it logical? c. Does it "match" the purpose and research question? d. Is the method used to select participants discussed explicitly? e. Is participant selection justified? f. Are participant characteristics clearly identified? g. What criteria did participants need to meet in order to be eligible for selection? h. Are incentives disclosed, and what effect might these have on the study discussed? i. Are the tools and methods used to collect data described s ufficiently? j. Is the data collection procedure or process is clearly described? k.Is the time frame is identified and does it match the stated purpose of the study? l.Is the time frame justified? 3.2 Information about research design specifics. a. Do the authors clearly identify what type of study they are conducting, and why? (e.g., a quasi-experimental study that focuses on some kind of intervention, a qualitative study examining a group of students engagement with popular culture in a range of contexts) b. Is the context for the study justified? (i.e., where physically were data collected and is this justified, given the research question etc.?) c. Is there enough information given about the logistics of the study that I could replicate this study or conduct a similar... The questions pertaining to effectiveness that were asked included the following: (1) Did the AGQTP State and Territory Projects provide professional learning activities for the teachers following the Effectiveness Terms of Reference? The findings said yes. There were â€Å"localized, long-term models of professional learning† to meet the needs of â€Å"a broad spectrum of teachers, from beginning to highly experienced.†(p. ii) (2) Did the programme increase teacher skills and understanding, especially the higher order skills and understanding? The findings said yes.(3) Was enhanced effectiveness in teaching achieved through the AGQTP? Yes, according to the summary report (p.ii).It was achieved through â€Å"partnerships with professional associations, universities, and other providers† (p. ii). (4) Was there effective undertaking in both the â€Å"State and Territory-based projects in priority areas?† (p. ii) Indeed, in all the priority areas, the consult ants found that significant achievements were realized. Literacy and understanding relevance to the overall curriculum had increased. Numeracy learning had improved with involvement of parents and other family members in the numeracy education of their children. Teachers’ mathematics skills were sharpened. Technology became a useful tool for teaching.

Debate on Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Debate on Genetically Modified Food Essay For millions of years, the world has evolved and developed, by selective breeding to adapt into the society, which it is today. Natural adaptations and changes have occurred in various species of plants and animals, which even modern scientists cannot explain. Our world has survived for well forever, without genetically enhanced produce, so why should it invade humanity now, just because we can? Many scientists, who are in favour of GM foods, claim that it is simply the next step on from selective breeding; however they seem to have overlooked one difference. Genetic modification of anything requires the introduction of alien genes into a species, to modify it and this is certainly not a natural process. For example, GM Soya has been modified using genes that will make it resistant to certain herbicides, such as roundup. Although this may seem like a good thing on the surface, what happens when the pollen from these GM foods is passed on to native species? Aspects like this seem to have been overlooked. It is also a worry, because genetic engineering can be very unpredictable and the damaging effects of GM foods irreversible; if left unconfined it could get out of control. It is possible to end up creating harmful characteristics such as toxins unawares. This doesnt necessarily condemn GMOs but it proves the unpredictability of genetic manipulation. The establishment for GM foods is keen to cover up any findings, which may turn people against GM foods, (possibly due to the huge profits involved). One particular scientist, in a report from the Rowett Research Institute, had been independently researching the effects of GM potatoes on rats. What his studies found was that they had a detrimental effect on the immune system and the growth of the rats. However when the establishment found this out, this man was reduced from being a well-respected researcher to a mad cap scientist. Although it is agreed that genetically modifying grain to include beta-carotene (vitamin C) may aid hunger and poor eyesight problems in third world countries, there is a large-scale scandal going on among large biotech companies, who want to increase their already large profits. GM food production, gives larger firms a loop hole in which they are able to abuse the power of modifying these crops to their own specification. Recently, there have been reports that these companies have developed doomsday seeds, which they want to sell onto the world market particularly the struggling third world. These seeds have been genetically modified, so that once they have grown, the seeds they produce will genetically destroy themselves. These seeds may be an excellent money-spinner for the firms who sell them, but surely it is morally and ethically wrong to sell such seeds to poor and starving countries? The companies also have the added leverage over other seed producers because they are able to genetically modify their plants to grow faster and thus their seeds are cheaper than others. These people in the third world will eventually be forced into a downward spiral of having to buy new crops every year, because they are unable to afford the more expensive normal seeds. And what would happen if these genes happened to escape into the environment? GM genes may spread into wild populations with unpredictable and potentially harmful consequences; In this case, they may even cause crops to produce sterile seeds, which could have an adverse effect on the ecosystem. If we are to have confidence in GM foods, then larger businesses should be kept out of research. The way GM foods are being exploited by powerful corporations is a threat to democracy. These crops are unsustainable in light of longer-term plans and the great majority of the GM market is focussed more on profit rather than improving our diet. Insufficient testing has taken place to ensure their safety for public consumption. Research should be carried out independently, to assess whether such foods would be a benefit to our society and the effects it will have on the eco-system. Only then should they be allowed onto the market.

Poultry Farm: Internal and External Analysis

Poultry Farm: Internal and External Analysis Contents (Jump to) Introduction History of Poultry Farm Vision and Mission of Poultry Farm Porters Five Forces Analysis of Poultry Farm PESTLE Analysis of Poultry Farm SWOT Analysis of Poultry Farm Strategic Objectives of Poultry Farm Implementations and Control Conclusion and Recommendations References Executive Summary: Al-Ain Poultry Farm was formed in 1981 and at present it is United Arab Emirates number 1 chicken supplying company. The headquarters of the company is situated in Al-Ain while shops that sell their product are spread all over the country. Other main offices are in Abu-Dhabi and in Dubai.the company deals in chicken and egg products and the consumption of chicken products and other poultry products are very high in urban areas. In external environment, the service of the supplier is quite satisfactory. There are various competitors presents for the Al Ain poultry farm. The names of competitor are like al Rawdah, al Khazana, and Tasil etc. There is also big threat of new entrant in the industry. Sometimes the customers try to do bargaining but the Al Ain poultry farm mostly prefer fixed pricing method so there is no chances for doing bargaining. There is huge impact of the political, legal, and economic, social, ethical and technological issued on the company. Internally, there is a facility for communication with the customer like getting information about the quality of the product; packing information etc. The leadership is managed by the general management in the Al Ain poultry farm company. The image and reputation of the Al Ain poultry farm among the customers is good. So the customers are widely attached with this farm company. If there are any new entrances then it is not severely affected. There is lesser impact of the import product on this company. The company faces a throat cut competition. There are two kinds of risk which is faced by the poultry farm: Production risk and price risk. The strategic objective of the company comprises of deciding the scope of the farm, and gives the knowledge to the members of the farm Talking about the grand strategy, the Company wants to make stability in its growth and profits and thus the company adopts stability strategy. Also For making growth, the company has diversified itself. Introduction: Strategic management is nothing but drafting, implementing and cross checking of various decisions which shall help the company in achieving its long term goals. It specifies the aims and objectives of the organization. It helps in formulating various policies for achieving the companys objectives. Strategic Management is an ongoing process. It is used to evaluate the business as a whole and to assess its various individual processes. Strategic management includes assessing processes on a regular basis. Al-Ain Poultry Farm- History Development Growth: Al-Ain Poultry Farm was formed in 1981 and at present it is United Arab Emirates number 1 chicken supplying company. It is famous for providing the highest quality meat and eggs in the United Arab Emirates as of now. It strives to provide the best and the most healthy chicken at the best possible price to the people of United Arab Emirates. The company has always been committed to this cause and they will always continue to be committed to it. Al-Ain Poultry Farms many types of chicken and they are also providing various varieties of eggs. The headquarters of the company is situated in Al-Ain while shops that sell their product are spread all over the country. Other main offices are in Abu-Dhabi and in Dubai. All key issues are decided upon by the chairman and by the board. Operational issues, managerial works and financial issues are take care by the general manager. A lot of technical machines are being used in the poultry farms for the best results. All such machines come under th e head technical manager. Moreover there are many individual departments which take care of topics like sales and maintenance etc. There is a separate consumer care department which is also basically responsible for the sales and sales related issues. Financial departments are divided region wise throughout the country. The general manager is basically responsible for day to day working of the company. (farm A. A., 2010) In the last two decades there has been tremendous growth and development in the United Arab Emirates. Due to this there has been tremendous growth in the poultry sector of United Arab Emirates. The eating habit has changed a lot in United Arab Emirates. More than 3/4th population of United Arab Emirates is currently residing in urban areas. The consumption of chicken products and other poultry products is very high in such urban areas. There was a time when most eggs and chicken products were imported in the United Arab Emirates. It was somewhere in the mid 90s that local producers of United Arab Emirates were finally able to meet the chicken and poultry requirements of the country. At present there is hardly any import of eggs or any other poultry products. Al Ain poultry aims to be the leading poultry product suppliers in the United Arab Emirates; they aim at increasing their shareholders worth and serving the society by providing high quality chicken and related products. People a t Al Ain have made public health their first priority. At Al-Ain it is believed that success can be achieved through innovation and by maintaining quality of products. Al Ain has a highly trained inspection force which ensures the quality of the product is maintained while production. (2010) Vision and Mission The Al Ain poultry Farm Company the number one company in UAE. It is located in Dubai, Al Ain and Abu Dhabi. Before the establishment of any poultry farms in UAE all frozen chickens and eggs were imported. Then number of poultry farm came into the market. This makes UAE self dependence country and it is estimated that the value of eggs and the fresh chickens consumed in the year 2003 were stood at 400 million circa Dhs. During 1996 the Al Ain took an importance place among the poultry farm market in above mentioned location. It has various competitors like al Rawdah, al Khazana, and Tasil etc. (farm A. A., 2010) Their main mission is supply of the best quality and service with the growth of the shareholder value. But with this they serve the best quality of chickens to the customer because they do not want to play with the health of the customer. Their mission is also to bring satisfaction among the workers. For this purpose, the leadership in the company is held by the Mr. Abdullah Khamis Amer (general manager) he has the quality of dealing with looses and success and also the ability to motivate the employees. To provide best quality of food, the appointed a technical manager named as Dr. Khalid Mohd Abd El Monem. He is responsible for the developing and maintenance of the technology for example the freezer facility for the storage etc. Companys mission is also to earn more profit on lesser cost, to provide all necessary information to the customer, and also take their feedback. This is done by sales and marketing team whose responsibility is given to Mr. Fathi Belail. Thus they want to achieve the belief of the customer with superior quality, product innovation and operation and service efficiency. Their mission and vision are:- Public health on their first preference High inspection in the company Give assurance about their working policy to the customer Make relationship between the Al Ain poultry farm and their customer Maintaining and developing the relation with their processors Supply of only superior quality of product Giving the facility of education, training and development to all employees. A good leader who can develop motivation and can give support to the employees so they can achieve their potential. The employees who can make coordination with the ethical standard and can take responsibility for their work. (AlA101) External environmental analysis The growth of Al Ain poultry farm depends heavily on the external environment in the last two decades. The five force model of the company is as given below:- Porters five force model: Bargaining power of suppliers: The service of the supplier is quite satisfactory. They do not import any chickens from out of the country. So its give benefits in getting discount due to be domestic suppliers. Delivery on time, good quality of chicks and eggs, helps the Al Ain poultry farm company in winning the trust of the customer. Competitor There are various competitors presents for the Al Ain poultry farm. The names of competitor are like al Rawdah, al Khazana, and Tasil etc. Not only the domestic competitors but the company also faces competition from the abroad. Brazil is the aggressive player in UAE chicken markets. The main markets of Brazil are Yemen, UAE, and Saudi Arabia etc. All competitors have adopted approximately same price policy and quality of product so to compete with them is todays time has become more difficult. Threat of new entrants As we see that there is a lot of scope for growing poultry Farm Company. So there is also big threat of new entrant in the industry. The recent new entrances in market are Ain Quide, Al Surk etc. There business is also expended and they are also keen to establish themselves as the best company. Threat of substitute product It is not compulsory that the customer will only prefer chickens in their food, there are lots of substitute for the products of the company. If people are conscious about their health and they can choose vegetarian food and in non vegetarian then can prefer fish, mutton or any others. Bargaining power of customers The customers are also main factor in the external environment. They are educated, so they want to take all information before getting the delivery. In Al Ain poultry farm there is communication network so that they can communicate with the customers. Sometimes the customers try to do bargaining but the Al Ain poultry farm mostly prefer fixed pricing method so there is no chances for doing bargaining. PESTLE analysis: (P)olitical environment The political system is prevailing in a countrys policies and control of business. An honest, efficient and stable political system is become essential factor for the development of any country. In UAE there are three main vital institutions: executive or government, legislature and judiciary. Among the there the legislature is the most crucial political factor which impacts the al ain poultry farm because it includes powers such as policy-making, law making, budget approving mirror of public opinion. (E)conomic environment The three economic factors which effect al ain poultry farm are capitalism, socialism and communism widely. The al ain poultry always want to be in competition with others. Their profit and wages system are based on the ability and willingness to work. There is also a policy so that any owners can divest his capital form the profits. The workers are also free to select an employer and site. Like workers al ain poultry farm select the managers on the basis of their ability. They are also free to make any decision. There are also a limited competition and profits, wages etc fairly in relation to efforts. The company also encourages workers for employment. Generally economic environment consist those factor which bear the functioning of a business. In case of al ain poultry farm the economic system comprise price and distribution controls, per capita and national income, population, financial and fiscal sectors, infrastructure etc (S)ocio-cultural environment There are certain social factors which are beyond the companys gate. These factors include attitude to exalt, family, marriage religion, education attitude to people toward the work and ethics. Some time due to this factors the demand of the al ain poultry farm grew and sometime its falls. (T)echnological environment Technology environment exerts significant influence on business. The impact of technology on the business can be seen as companys product, services, markets, suppliers, competitors, distributors, manufacture etc. Due to technology environment the al ain poultry farm got the continuous growth from last few years. It is also helpful in increasing quality products. The al ain poultry farm has more capital demand, rise of productivity, more emphasis on R&D, and pressure to become more professional etc. (L)egal: The company is also largely affected by industrial and animal related laws. The company is also prone to any sue in commercial court regarding quality of food material. (E)thical: Ethical factors are concerned with the social responsibility part of the company. The poultry farm has some ethical rules to follow regarding maintenance of animals. For example, the company has to maintain proper safety and neatness level in farm etc. Value chain: The value chain consists of the process of value addition in the products of the company. In Al Ain poultry, the value is been added at every stage of production. The company has large farms and number of hens producing eggs. The company maintains large farms and thus feed the animals so that they can produce eggs and meet which are the key products of the company. The company also adds quality to its products by the mean of proper and regular quality check of the products produced by the farm. At each stage of production, proper documentation is done in order to maintain proper accountability of the system. The company is also planning to go for ISO 9001 implementation to increase the quality of the products and to add more value in it. Internal analysis The internal factors consists the factors which are inside the company. The internal factors of the Al Ain poultry farm are:- Products and service This includes inventory management, product modification, and product transportation of Al Ain poultry Farm Company according to the customer needs. Not only the products, this also includes the Al Ain poultry farm companys sales services, promotional for the product, packing, handling of return product and customization. Communication flow There is a facility for communication with the customer like getting information about the quality of the product, packing information etc. Payments system This includes billing for the customer, caring of special customer orders, order frequency, credit cheques and others. Leadership The leadership is managed by the general management in the Al Ain poultry farm company. The general manager looks for various operations like: general, technical, marketing and financial management performance etc. Employees The employees are the backbone of the company and so only skilled labors work here. A satisfactory environment for the working, facility for the coach, support and motivation, giving education to employees, co-operation between the employees and the Al Ain poultry farm company, giving promotion for their work etc are also available in the company. SWOT analysis If we want to analysis any company then the simplest method will be the SWOT analysis. This stood for strength, weakness, opportunities and threats. The information provided by the SWOT is helpful in matching the resource and capability of the firm in the todays competitive advantages. The Al Ain poultry farms SWOT analysis is as following:- (S)trengths The strength part shows that how the company is capable in using its resource as per their capability. The strength of Al Ain poultry farm is: The Al Ain poultry farm company is the 1st poultry farm company in the whole UAE. The image and reputation of the Al Ain poultry farm among the customers is good. So the customers are widely attached with this farm company. If there are any new entrances then it is not severely affected. They used different cost for the different products so that every kind of customer is attached with the company. They have used versatile technology. They used new technologys freezer for the storage of the chickens, water resource, method of disposal for the dead birds, preventing them from the dieses and their communication network is so strong so that they can communicate with the customer in easy way. There is lesser impact of the import product on this company. (W)eakness Every company is not capable to its goals because there always remains some weakness in the company. The weaknesses of Al Ain poultry farm are:- They faced a throat cut competition. Its true that they are the 1st poultry farm company in whole UAE but due the competitive environment any little mistake can bring a big problem. The whole business depends only on the chicken products. There is a little bit work in egg products but more than 80 part deals in chickens. The distribution channels are also weak. Sometimes its happened that the delivery of chickens did not reach at the right time and the company bears both cost and morale loses. (O)pportunities In simple language the opportunities shows the future, means what will be condition of future for our company. It answers that is there any chances for getting profit or losses. The opportunities for the Al Ain poultry farm are:- The main reason for growth of any poultry farm is because chickens are considered to be healthy protein diet. There is an increment in the standard of living of the customer and if we look the environment of the UAE then there is also growth in non vegetarian people day to day. As a result the demand of chickens is also increased. Day to day new technology is developed, so now they can store more and more chickens, can bring new quality of food with taste. Competition is increased and so the company has became more conscious about the quality and will try to reduce the cost. This will be beneficial for the both Al Ain poultry farm and the customers. They can get more skilled labor that will create a good environment within the company and can make cooperation with their leaders. (T)hreats The threats refer to the current problem which they are facing. The Al Ain poultrys farm threats are:- There are two kinds of risk which is faced by the poultry farm: Production risk and price risk. Now a days bird flu is spread in the birds, so in this kind of environment it is more difficult to make a quality product. There are lots of competitors, both domestic and foreign; they are facing competition from the other country also. There are lots of substitutes. Due to the substitutes the competition has increased. Thus the SWOT analysis shows the positive and negative side of the Al Ain poultry farm. Strategic objectives Strategy means making long term direction, taking decision, and allocation of resource. Basically we take three kinds of decision in strategic objectives. What, for whom and how can we do so the companys objectives are decided in strategy. Practically speaking, now days the poultry farming has became successful in global market. Thats why the Al Ain poultry farm access to market and specialized inputs with the financial support. So the key strategy of the company is to maintain the supply and ownership of the birds, the whole processing and wholesaling should be the as per the meat hygiene act. The standard of this act are: The transport of meat as per the human consumption Hygienic production Premises processing meat according to the human consumption As we know that this farm also deals with eggs so it operates it under the regulated system and it is the responsibility of managers for the finding markets for their food. The strategic objectives are:- To decide the scope of the farm, and give the knowledge to the members of the farm. All practices are done after the considerations of birds welfare. The poultry covers the topic like lighting, ventilation, health, food protection and management practices. To give assurance about the safety of managers, workers and visitors. Monitoring of various nutrient, impact problems and after that remedial action is taken. Possible business model of the company with the consideration of neighborhood competitors. Effect of the import of chickens on the domestic production. Increasement in the value of domestic product and reduce the import dependency. The poultry farms importance in the customers with more diversified and reasonable price. Knowing the link between productivity and income generation. To reduce impact of the uses of meat and to insure that there is no impact on the natural cycle. (Hill, 2009) Generic strategic There are three kinds of generic strategies for the maintenance and achievement of competitive advantages: Cost leadership, differentiation, focuses strategy. If we see at the Al Ain poultry farm then conclusion is that Al Ain poultry farm has adopted a differentiation strategy. Because as we know the Al Ain poultry farm focuses on the different kinds of chickens product and each products has its attribute so it charge the price according to the products feature. The reasons for adapting to this strategy are By this they make brand loyalty among the customer form the rivals. There are all kinds of products according to the customer need so every customer is attached with the particular product. Not only for the feature there is also differentiating in the pricing so that every level of the customers is attached. For managing the supplier also. Why? Because if any supplier charges higher value for the material then it can be managed in any other product and this is possible only when the farm is diversified in chicken products. There is also a benefit from the side of the customers. There will be large number of buyers and we know that if there is large number of buyers then their power for negotiation will be low due to price fixation and low alternatives. If there is any new entry then there will be negligible impact on the customer loyalty. Thus for all above the reason the company has adopted the differentiate strategy. But the company also deals in eggs with the chickens so for that company follows the cost leadership strategy which brings the ability to compete with competitors and bring attraction of the customers and reduces the defect rate. (farm A. A., 2010) Grand strategic A record production in poultry and meat industry last year shows that various poultry farms have work harder for the growing consumption need. For the production of chickens the poultry farm has adopted grand strategy by the trade organization. A grand strategy involves the essential action for the long term plan and to achieve its major objectives. So we will analyze the Al Ain poultry farm companys grand strategy on the bases of market, diversification, product, organizational development, strategic etc. After the analysis of its corporate and generic strategies, we will discuss the grand strategy on the three levels Growth strategy Retrenchment strategic Stability strategy For making growth, the company has diversified itself. For that it does innovation, changes its received and takes the feedback of the customer and also they provide different variety of chickens. If there is any failure in the receipt then they adopt accordingly. This strategy built willingness in the company to try new things. The company is also trying for the new market for its product. (farm A. A., 2010) The company wants to make stability in its growth and profits and thus the company adopts stability strategy. The Al Ain poultry farm company do the research only on the new product. The research is done on the quality and the price. They do not change the existing products and price policy. There is no retrenchment strategy followed by the farm company because they do not want to make any reduction in their business activity. Implementation and control After all this analysis about the external and internal environment and the various strategies, objectives of the Al Ain poultry farm in UAE we can say that the poultry farms in UAE are growing day by day. The company has implanted all those objectives and strategy, keeping in mind things like the impact on the environment, what is the government strategy for the poultry farm, the customer view and the cooperation of the staff and top management. Thats why the production increased by 25 % in comparison to last year and the market share of Al Ain poultry farm is also increased by 20 % in UAE. The various implementations and way they are controlled by the both management and government are mentioned in following:- Water supply The chickens are preceded in adequate water supply, clean and cool with the better quality. The water is needed in the farm for fire protection and shed cooling. Except this the hatched chicks should also access water within the 72 hour. The Al Ain poultry farm has a reserve capacity minimum of one day. Vehicular access The transportation policy of the farm is made after the consideration of traffic, delivery vehicles, road works etc. The funding of transportation needs the negotiation of developer, local council and transport development. Noise, electricity supply The supply of the electricity is at minimum cost and as per the requirement. But due to the large level of a poultry farm they get three phase of electricity supply. There is noise when the farm is established and due the various birds and this is controlled by the environment protection policy. Buffer distances Sometimes it happens that due to water quality, dust and noise, odor and management policies, some places are affected. So there should be a buffer distances maintained between the farm and impact area. All activity is done for the omission of this kind of practices and dourness. The control on the disease is also an issue. So there is a distance between every poultry farm which is approx 100 meter. Site selection and development They have selected the site after the consideration of distance of the market, environment and the government regulation. Water management Water management includes Disposal of dead birds: there is an arrangement of disposal of dead birds without any harm to the natural environment. Sometime they face the problem of contamination of surface water and ground, odour problems and fly infestation. But they follow the EPA recommendations like freezing of dead birds so that ordure problem can be reduced, and the disposal is done in the licensed water etc. Disposal of waste eggs: the eggs are disposal by the composting, rendering the byproduct plan which are environmentally sound. Recommendations and conclusion After the analysis about the various parts of the Al Ain poultry farms we can be say that no one is perfect and neither the farm under consideration. In SWOT analysis we have discussed the problem faced by the company. So there should be actions against them. According to us the following action should be taken by the Al Ain poultry farm:- As we see that the company mostly deals in cash, so there can be credit facility available to the customers. The company should allow the credit card etc for the payment. The Al Ain poultry farm company deals only in two products Chickens and eggs. So the company needs to diversify itself. It can diversify by the two ways: expansion and launching new products. As we see that the business of the Al Ain is only in the three major cities of the UAE so it should established its business in more cities and it should also launch vegetarian food along with this chickens and eggs. As many times its been seen that due to lack of inspection and monitoring the birds gets spoil, and they used them without checking them. So there should be regular and proper inspection. It will be good if there is a monitoring system on daily bases. The Al Ain poultry farm disposes the dead bird in the nearest places, which is also harmful so the disposal of dead bird should be approx 1000 meter far from the company sites. The quality of chickens should be checked. The uncooked chicken should be store in the refrigerators. There should be prevention action from the various dieses like the flu etc. References: Al Ain farm. 2010. Welcome to Al Ain poultry farm. [Online](Updated on Jan 2010) Available at http://www.alainpoultry.com/ [Accessed on April 30th, 2010]. Al Ain farm. 2010. Mission and Values. [Online](Updated on Jan 2010) Available at http://www.alainpoultry.com/main.asp?id=3 [Accessed on April 30th, 2010]. Al Ain farm. 2010. Shops and maps. [Online](Updated on Jan 2010) Available at http://www.alainpoultry.com/main.asp?id=5 [Accessed on April 30th, 2010]. Hill, Charles Jones, Gareth. 2009. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. 9th Edition : Cengage Learning Hemodynamics: Blood Flow Hemodynamics: Blood Flow Introduction Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow across the body and forces affecting it, often measured using various methods that are either invasive or noninvasive. Hemodynamic monitoring is necessary for making timely patient assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions in case of cardiovascular malfunctions and imbalances caused in the amount of blood ejected by the heart. There are several invasive methods for monitoring blood flow like Thermodilution, Dye dilution and Fick methods. These methods are usually confined to hospitals and clinics with people having specific skills perform, also, these methods are associated with complications like infections, hemorrhage, arrhythmia etc. Impedance Plethysmography techniques which use the changes in electrical impedance over body surface for measurement of changes in the tissue volumes can be used to study hemodynamics. Impedance Cardiography (ICG) is a noninvasive and flexible method of calculating cardiac stroke volume providing information that is similar to invasive monitoring at low cost and risk. While invasive monitoring is done in pre-operative situations on patients already suffering from cardiovascular problems which involves catheter insertion, ICG can be performed on people any time for monitoring hemodynamic parameters that will help in diagnosis of problems occurring in near future. There are multiple ways of monitoring hemodynamics through ICG of which Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance (TEB) is a basic variant that involves placement of electrodes on the root of the neck and at the cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum which is not attached to any ribs. The volume of blood flow varies during every cardiac cycle almost periodically. This changes the electrical impedance in thorax region. Negative time derivative of the measured impedance is called impedance cardiogram. Research in the field of Impedance Cardiography started with the study of flow of fluids in body, especially in cardiac area using Impedace Plethysmography techniques since 1940s [1Bonjer]. By early 1970s Using ICG for calculation of cardiac parameters like cardiac stroke volume came on track [2Cooley]. Several comparative studies are done in the field between non-invasive ICG and invasive methods like Thermodilution which shown promising results in favour of ICG [3 Nechwatal, 4Denniston].In [5Quesnay] they discussed the implementation of ICG on subjects with heart diseases and while they were performing exercise. Results have shown that cardiac parameters measured during these tests are reliable and mostly accurate. With improvement in technology in ICG, wearable devices or garments are being designed for facilitating long term recordings and provide comfort to the patients or test subjects [6JUAN]. Since the inception of impedance cardiography there has been an increase in the reli ability of the technique and improvement in measurement of cardiac parameters [7Greenfield 13Dilek]. Measurement of ICG requires the subjects to lay in a supine position without any movement to cancel out the artifacts that are caused due to other body signals which lead to unwanted changes of the signal recorded and make the patient uncomfortable. Presence of these artifacts makes it difficult for the people reading the signals and also affect the diagnosis leading to results that are inaccurate. These artifacts have to be removed before monitoring the signals to take correct decisions through filtering. Most of these artifacts are non-stationary in nature and cannot be predicted. Artifacts that are prominent in TEB include those varying with the changes that occur in surroundings like power line interference which makes base line of the original signal to change and with the movement of patient. Some artifacts occur from inside our body like Respiratory artifact that is prominent in ICG .Often patients are required to hold their breath to cancel out this artifact, but it is shown in [5Quesnay] that this may affect the stroke volume parameter. There are also others like Motion artifacts and Electrode artifacts which bring changes to the signals that are unwanted. Filtering methods for processing the artifacts are either adaptive or non-adaptive. Since the artifacts that are to be processed in the signals obtained are ever changing in nature, non-adaptive filters that have linear transfer functions doesn’t provide good results in the process. Whereas time varying potentials can be detected using adaptive filtering techniques whose filter specifications change at every step. In [14Huang] they used LMS algorithm based adaptive filter for cancellation fo motion artifacts and got satisfactory results. In [15Allan] Allan et.al used a scaled fourier linear combined (SFLC) technique is proposed for filtering noncorrelated noise in ICG. They have succeeded in proving that their proposed method could remove noises that are not in synchronization with heart rate. In [16Dormer] used SFLC-RLS filter which shows improvement in performance compared to SFLC-LMS filter used in [15Allan]. [17Pandey] used LMS based adaptive filtering to remove respirator y artifacts in Impedance cardiogram signal. In this paper we discussed application of Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm and its variants Normalized LMS (NLMS), Time varying step size (TVSLMS) Adaptive step size (ASLMS) and Constrained stability LMS (CSLMS) in ICG signals for artifact removal. Along with these algorithms, signed regressor form of these variants which decreases the number of computations are also used. The artifacts that are considered in this paper are Power Line Interference (PLI), Respiratory artifacts, Motion artifacts (MA), Muscle artifacts. Section II describes the filtering techniques that are used on ICG signals in brief. Section III provides the information on data acquisition using VU-AMS device. The results and discussions of the techniques used are given in section IV followed by conclusions. Adaptive Filtering Techniques LMS Invented by Widrow and Hoff in 1960, Least mean squares algorithm is a category of adaptive filters that adapt based on current value of error signal. Input to the LMS algorithm is a signal that needs filtering and a desired signal as reference, LMS is an iterative technique that minimizes the Mean Square Error (MSE) between these two signals. Low complexity is a significant feature of LMS algorithm which made it as a benchmark for other adaptive filtering algorithms. The process of filtering using LMS involves the following steps, Compute the output from the filter using inputs. Estimating the error between the output signal and desired signal. Changing the tap weights of the filter according to the error obtained above and a constant step size. The above steps are executed iteratively to reduce the error between filter output and desired signal. Filter will be of length L, each time L samples from the input signal will be processed at a time in each step until entire samples are processed. Let x(n) be the input of the filter and d(n) be the reference signal. Input is taken from a sliding window over the input. For every step the window slides over required number of samples. Let y(n) be the output from the filter and w(n) is the weights of the taps, these weights can be different for every tap. u is the step size which is a constant. LMS algorithm can be summarized in the equations below that are in accordance with the steps above, For the first iteration arbitrary tap weights are assumed and filtering is started. After a few iterations the weights adapt in accordance with the error signal to give desired signal as output. Step size is a main factor that influences weight update equation. If the step size is too small, the convergence of the signal will be too slow and filter requires more memory. If the step size is too high, convergence rate will be faster but there will be information loss. NLMS The convergence of output towards desired signal depends on weight update equation. Tap weights that are updated are directly proportional to the present inputs. If the future inputs to the filter vary greatly with the present inputs of the filter, there will be an increase in the error signal. To solve this problem the step size in weight update equation is normalized with squared Euclidian form of input vector. The weight update equation of NLMS technique is written as, Here b is a small constant added to avoid difficulties in case of small x(n) values. NLMS method can achieve faster convergence when compared to LMS. Since the step size of these filters does not change much, these are considered as linear filters which give linear output for linear input. CSLMS This method is an improvement of NLMS algorithm to achieve faster stability conditions. Constrained Stability LMS method is described by the equations that follow, Where and . A positive constant of small value in the denominator helps preventing problems when value of x(n) is too small. Here the value of error and input in weight update equation not only depend on present value but also previous value, unlike LMS and NLMS where the dependency of weight update equation is more on present values than all the past values combined. TVSLMS Step size in the weight update equation decides the convergence rate of the filter. It is fixed for the filter depending on the input signal, desired signal and required convergence rate. If the input signal is varying with time in an undetermined way, it is difficult to set the value of step size. So, time varying step size method of LMS is proposed. The time variance of step size is determined by a decaying factor. TVSLMS method is described by the following equations, The step size at each step can be varied according to the following function, Where is the decaying factor and C, a and b are positive constants that will determine the value of decaying factor. At each step the decaying factor is multiplied with initial step size. This method can achieve faster convergence rate compared to LMS algorithm with constant step size and also can remove the artifacts effectively. ASLMS In an environment that is not stationary a gradient noise is added to the signal. In such case the value of tap weights change in random fashion instead of terminating on Weiner solution. To overcome this problem Adaptive step size algorithm is proposed where a fourth step is added to the LMS method which resembles the weight update equation. Step size of the filter is updated at each step as, Here is a small positive constant and y(n) is defined as the partial derivative of tap weight vector with respect to step size parameter at a sample or iteration. ASLMS attains faster convergence rate since the step size of next iteration depends on the input and error at current iteration, unlike TVSLMS algorithm where step size of present iteration depends on the initial step size. Signed Regressor form In the methods discussed in this section, from LMS to ASLMS the performance of filters increased with decrease in convergence rate but the computational complexity increased gradually. This will result in delay of attaining desired results. To regulate the problem we use signum function to find the polarity of input signal in weight update equation [21Eweda]. By using signum function to input signal we take into consideration only the sign of input signal as shown below, The signum function is given as, The methods discussed above in their signed regressor form have slightly inferior convergence rate and steady state error. But as the mean square error drops the filter speeds up with reduced computations. Simulation and results ICG signals are acquired through VU-AMS (Vrije Universiteit Ambulatory Monitoring System) device under supervision of expert handlers. This device is used for recording ICG signals many a times and provided reliable outputs [18Gonneke- 20Annebet]. Signals are acquired from 19 subjects for a period of 30 minutes. Digitized signals are recorded at 360 samples per second. First 4000 samples of each ICG recording are used for simulation. References Bonjer FH, van den Berg JW, Dirken MNJ. The origin of the variations of body impedance occurring during the cardiac cycle. Circulation. 1952; 6:415-420. Cooley WL, The calculation of cardiac stroke volume from variations in transthoracic electrical impedance. Biomed Eng 1972; 19:316-319. Nechwatal W, Bier P, Eversmann A, Kà ¶nig E, The noninvasive determination of cardiac output by means of impedance cardiography: Comparative evaluation with a thermal dilution technique. Basic Res Cardiol 1976; 71:542-552. Denniston JC, Maher JT, Reeves JT, Cruz JC, Cymerman A, Grover RF, â€Å"Measurement of cardiac output by electrical impedance at rest and during exercise†. J Appl Physiol 1976;40:91-95. M.C. Du Quesnay, G.J. Stoute, and R.L. Hughson, â€Å"Cardiac output in exercise by impedance cardiography during breath holding and normal breathing,† J. Appl. Physiol., vol. 62(1), pp 101-107, 1987. Juan Carlos Mà ¡rquez Ruiz, â€Å"Sensor-Based Garments that Enable the Use of Bioimpedance Technology: Towards Personalized Healthcare Monitoring†, Doctoral Thesis, Stockholm, Sweden, January 2013, ISBN 978-91-7501-603-0 Harley A, Greenfield JC Jr. â€Å"Determination of cardiac output in man by means of impedance plethysmography†, Aerosp Med. 1968 Mar; 39(3): 248-52. R.P. Patterson, â€Å"Fundamentals of impedance cardiography,† IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., vol. 8(1), pp 35-38, 1989. Major M J World, â€Å"Estimation of Cardiac Output by Bioimpedance Cardiography†, J R Army Med Corps 1990; 136: 92-99 Nancy M. Albert, â€Å"Bioimpedance Cardiography Measurements of Cardiac Output and Other Cardiovascular Parameters†, Crit Care Nurs Clin N Am 18 (2006) 195 – 202 Chintan V Parmar, Divyesh L Prajapati, Pradnya A Gokhale, Hemant B Mehta, Chinmay J Shah, â€Å"Study of cardiac output based on non – invasive impedance plethysmography in healthy volunteers†, 2: 5 Sep – Oct (2012) 104 – 108. E.Pinheiro, O.Postolache, P.Girà £o, â€Å"Contactless Impedance Cardiography Using Embedded Sensors†, Measurement science review, Volume 13, No. 3, 2013 Dilek Cicek Yilmaz, Belgin Buyukakilli, Serkan Gurgul and Ibrahim Rencuzogullari Mersin, â€Å"Adaptation of heart to training: A comparative study using echocardiography impedance cardiography in male female athletes†, Indian J Med Res 137, June 2013, pp 1111-1120 Zhili Huang, Zhenshen Zheng, Yutian Wu, â€Å"Monitoring Impedance Cardiography By Adaptive Method During External Counterpulsation†, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol. 13. No. 2, 1991. Allan Kardec Barros, Makoto Yoshizawa, and Yoshifumi Yasuda, â€Å"Filtering Noncorrelated Noise in Impedance Cardiography†, IEEE Transactions on biomedical engineering, VOL. 42, NO. 3, March 1995 O. Dromer, O. Alata and O. Bernard, â€Å"Impedance Cardiography Filtering using Scale Fourier Linear Combiner based on RLS algorithm†, IEEE EMBS, Sep 2009. Vinod K. Pandey, Prem C. Pandey, â€Å"Cancellation of Respiratory Artifact in Impedance Cardiography†, EMBS, 27th Annual Conference, IEEE, 2005. Gonneke H. M. Willemsen, Eco J. C. De Geus, Coert H. A. M. Klaver, Lorenz J. P. Van Doornen, Douglas Carroll, â€Å"Ambulatory monitoring of the impedance cardiogram†, Psychophys;o/ogy, 33 (1996), 184- 193 . Cambridge University Press. Harrià «tte Riese, Paul F. C. Groot, Mireille Van Den Berg, Nina H. M. Kupper, Ellis H. B. Magnee, Ellen J. Rohaan â€Å"Large-scale ensemble averaging of ambulatory impedance cardiograms†, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, Computers 2003. Annebet D. Goedhart *, Nina Kupper, Gonneke Willemsen, Dorret I. Boomsma, Eco J.C. de Geus, â€Å"Temporal stability of ambulatory stroke volume and cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography†, Biological Psychology 72, Elsevier(2006) E. Eweda, â€Å"Analysis and design of a signed regressor LMS algorithm for stationary and nonstationary adaptive filtering with correlated Gaussian data,† IEEE Transactions. Circuits Systems., vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1367–1374, Nov. 1990.

Cratique on Losses Essay -- Essays Papers

Cratique on Losses The Poem â€Å"Losses† written by: Randall Jarrell, who was a poet, literary critic, and teacher, from New Orleans, served in the United States Air Force during World War Two. This helped Randall Receive most of his ideas and material for poems like this one. â€Å"It was not dying: everybody died. It was not dying: we had hied before In the routine crashes-and our fields Called up the papers, wrote home to our folks, And the rates rose, all because of us.† When people died in war it didn’t impact the majority of the people in the United States, they would just contact the papers or whoever sent the letters to there family and went on fighting the war. â€Å"We died on the wrong page of the almanac, Scattered on mountains fifty miles away; Diving on haystacks, fighting with a friend, We blazed up on the lines we never saw.† When Randall referred to people dying on the wrong page of the almanac, this just meant that when people died they were marked down as a casualty of war and not of natural death. Scattered allover the land fitting with a friend or maybe someone they have just met and never saw before. The line they never saw before is the line between them and whom they were fighting. They couldn’t see this line but they new it was there and what was needed to be done to cross this line. The soldiers were not that old, at one point Randall says,† We died like aunts or pets or foreigners. (When we left high school nothing else had di...

Romanticism and Realism in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Free Essay Writer

Romanticism and Realism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† (The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850) has a noteworthy comment on Hawthorne’s romantic style:    And now, my countrymen, as an excellent author, of your own flesh and blood,--an unimitating, and perhaps, in his way, an inimitable man--whom better can I commend to you, in the first place, than Nathaniel Hawthorne. He is one of the new, and far better generation of your writer. The smell of your beeches and hemlocks is upon him; your own broad prairies are in his soul; and if you travel away inland into his deep and noble nature, you will hear the far roar of his Niagara.    Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† includes both the â€Å"inimitable,† nature-oriented style of romanticism as well as elements of realism.    M. H. Abrams defines romantic themes in prominent writers of this school in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as being five in number: (1) innovations in the materials, forms and style; (2) that the work involve a â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†; (3) that external nature be a persistent subject with a â€Å"sensuous nuance† and accuracy in its description; (4) that the reader be invited to identify the protagonist with the author himself; and (5) that this be an age of â€Å"new beginnings and high possibilities† for the person (177-79).    Let us examine â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in light of the above. First of all, Hawthorne was a real innovator in his use of the psychological approach to characters within a story. A. N. Kaul considers Hawthorne â€Å"preeminently a ‘psychological’† writer – â€Å"burrowing, to his utmost ability, into the depths of our common nature, for the purposes of psychological romance. . . .† (2). Q. D. Leavis says: â€Å"Hawthorne has imaginatively recreated for the reader that Calvinist sense of sin. . . . But in Hawthorne, by a wonderful feat of transmutation, it has no religious significance, it is as a psychological state that it is explored† (37). The reader experiences most of the story through the eyes and feelings of the protagonist, Goodman. In the following passage the reader is allowed, as is typical, to read his thoughts:    "Poor little Faith!" thought he, for his heart smote him. "What a wretch am I, to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too.

Judicial Activism and The Defense of Civil Rights :: American Government, Courts, Public Policies

Since its first appearance in 1947 in Fortune Magazine, the term Judicial Activism has promoted incandescent debates about the rule of courts in public policy, however to date there is not a consensus of what judicial activism really means. The term may denote a pejorative description of judicial behavior or in other instances the sophisticated elaboration of judicial concepts. (Roosevelt III 2006:1) Since 1947 the term have been used extensively in magazines, newspapers and law reviews, by 1990 was used in average 450 times a year, appeared in 3815 law review articles and several other publications (Kmiec, 2004). After the election of president Obama the term use of the term have been even more extensive, his two Supreme Court nominees have been labeled with the scarlet letter of activism by respected law gazettes like American Bar Association (ABA) journal and the Northwestern University Law Review. Yet the debate about the meaning of the term remains unclear. However the involvement of the courts in policy making is not a recent phenomenon as some media outlets aim to portrait. Since the first use of judicial review by the Supreme Court in Marbuty v Madison (1803) the Supreme Court have exercised judicial review to overthrow 160 federal status and more than a 1000 federal laws (Tarr 2009, p258). Some of the most these cases have important legal implication in the defense of fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, (United States vs Nixon 1973), due process (Brown vs Board of Education 1954) and prisoner’s rights (James v Wallace 1974). Courts are also involved in the defense of civil rights contesting majority ruled decision. Gamble (1997) illustrated this case clearly in her study of court’s rule against referendum mandates affecting minority rights. Gamble stated that between 1959 and 1993 there were 74 ballot measures that clearly targeted minority rights; most of these ballot initiatives deal with issues such as housing segregation, gay rights, school desegregation, English among others. From the 74 measures mentioned by Gambel, 53 (78 percent) generated a form of repression of exclusion against minority groups. Analyzing this results Gamble argued that â€Å"the record show[ed] that American voters readily repeal existing civil rights protections and enthusiastically enact laws that bar their elected representatives from passing new ones. By repeatedly striking down the latter, the judicial system has vigilantly protected the rights of minorities to participate in the political process† (Gambel 1997:262) Judges have been involved in policy making, not just protecting of civil rights, but in filling the gaps overlooked by the law.

Effectiveness of International Law

Introduction This essay will focus on international law being an effective tool for the resolution of international disputes. Timely resolutions and unbiased resolutions are factors that determine effective dispute resolution. The definition and concept of international law, effective aspects of international law, and certain limitations of international law will be discussed in this essay. Furthermore, case studies will be provided to support the argument and to demonstrate the procedures of resolving international disputes. Definition and Concept of International LawInternational law can be defined as, the universal system of principles and policies concerning the relations between states and international organisations. The overall identity of international law is the United Nations, and they govern international law through legal documents known as treaties. International law is enforced by the United Nations Security Council and the International Court of Criminal Justice. Effec tiveness of International Law in Resolving Disputes International law is expanding over the years as many countries are now relying on it to solve their disputes.Most countries are part of regional organisations, such as the African Union and European Union, which follow the practice of international law . As more countries are getting involved in international organisations, the fairness and reliability of international law can be observed. International law is not forced upon countries. Countries participate in international organisations to ensure stability and predictability in their relationship with other countries. This voluntary participation ensures that laws and agreements made will be fair and unbiased to all participating countries.Countries are not coerced into agreeing to international law. The laws made within an international organisation are derived after much debate and consensus from participating countries. After the agreements are made, these laws are put into p lace as treaties. This shows that international law allows for fair and unbiased resolutions as the laws will be clearly stated. Another positive element of international law in resolving disputes is, international law does not conflict with domestic laws most of the time.Domestic laws focus on the prosperity of the country while international laws focuses on the prosperity of all countries. Therefore, when it comes to resolving international disputes, most countries will accept the decisions made by the international tribunals and the International Court of Justice. International laws also adapt to the changes in society. These changes are reflected on the amendments of treaties. The United Nations ensures that all laws made are fair and unbiased. It also ensures that disputes between countries are dealt in the same manner.This is the reason as to why the International Court of Justice is a separate entity. When countries that are having conflicts approach the United Nations for di spute resolution, they are referred to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice examines all given evidence and they may also start their own investigations when it is required. The diversity amongst the panel of judges within the International Court of Justice reflects fairness and unbiasedness when resolving disputes.The International Court of Justice also allows for countries involved in the dispute to nominate a judge of their choosing, an Ad hoc judge, to seat on the panel of judges. Case Study of the Effectiveness of International Law The conflict between Singapore and Malaysia over the sovereignty of Pedra Branca and Middle Rocks is a good example of international law being effective. This case gives a clear example of how the International Court of Justice deals and resolves disputes effectively. The dispute started in 1980’s when Malaysia published a map stating that Pedra Branca belonged to her.Singapore disputed this, and both countrie s agreed to submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice. The International Court of Justice started their own investigation and the official hearing took place in 2007 under the name ‘Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia v. Singapore)’. After a thorough study of all geographical evidence, ancient title documents and colonisation letters from the United Kingdom, in 2008, the International Court of Justice ruled that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and the Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia.Limitations in International Law There are certain limitations which affects the effectiveness of international law. Firstly, not every country is a member of international law making organisations. International law making bodies will not be able to make laws and resolve disputes fairly if not all countries are part of this process. Secondly, the International Court of Justice takes too long to make a decision. A key fac tor in dispute resolutions, is timely resolutions. If disputes are not resolved fast, the effectiveness of international law will be questioned.Lastly, the decision of the International Court of Justice cannot be appealed. Not all decisions are fair to affected countries. There may be instances whereby unjust decisions cannot be appealed.. Case Study of Limitations The territorial dispute between India and Pakistan is a good example of limitations of international law. This case is a good example of countries that do not actively participate in International dispute resolution. Both countries have claimed ownership of Kashmir since they became independent.However, they did not seek dispute resolution and over the years that tension increased into an armed conflict whereby many innocent lives were lost. The ongoing problem has worsened as Kashmir is now filled with terrorist organisations. In 2008, the United States of America stepped in and insisted that both countries resolve the d ispute. The United Nations did not step in as they were not called upon by either country. Conclusion International law is an effective tool for international dispute resolution as it ensures that laws are made, and disputes are resolved in a fair and unbiased manner.As there are many regional organisations, there are numerous avenues to resolve international disputes. However, the limitations to international law affects its effectiveness. International organisations should take a more active role and emphasise that all countries actively take part in international law to increase its effectiveness. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Jane Stratton, ‘International Law’, Legal Information Access Centre, 2009 [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. Ibid. [ 4 ].William E Holder, ‘Towards Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes’ (1969) Australian Year Book of International Law 102 [ 5 ]. Ibid. [ 6 ]. Pitman B. Potter, ‘Bases and Effectiveness of International Law’ (1968), The American Journal of International Law 63(2), 270-272. [ 7 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 8 ]. Ibid. [ 9 ]. Ibid. [ 10 ]. Holder, above n 4. [ 11 ]. Ibid. [ 12 ]. Ibid. [ 13 ]. Ibid. [ 14 ]. James Crawford, ‘International Law And The Rule Of Law’, (2003), Adelaide Law Review 3 24(1) [ 15 ]. Ibid. [ 16 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 17 ]. Ibid. [ 18 ].Crawford, above n 14. [ 19 ]. Stratton, above n 1. [ 20 ]. Yuval Shany, ‘Assessing the Effectiveness of International Courts: a Goal-Based Approach’ (2012), The American Journal of International Law 106(2), 225-270. [ 21 ]. Ibid. [ 22 ]. Ibid. [ 23 ]. International Court of Justice, ‘Case Concerning The Sovereignty Over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge’, 23 May 2008 [ 24 ]. Ibid. [ 25 ]. Ibid. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Richard Steinberg et al, ‘Power and International Lawâ⠂¬â„¢ (2006),   The American Journal of International Law  100(1), 64-87. 28 ]. Ibid. [ 29 ]. Anna Spain, ‘Using International Dispute Resolution to Address the Compliance Question in International Law’ (2008-2009), Georgetown Journal of International Law 40(1), 807-864. [ 30 ]. Ibid. [ 31 ]. Shany, above n 20. [ 32 ]. Ibid. [ 33 ]. Hans Koechler, ‘The Kashmir Problem between Law and Realpolitik: Reflections on a Negotiated Settlement’, International Council on Human Rights,1 April 2008 < http://i-p-o. org/Koechler-Kashmir_Discourse-European_Parliament-April2008. htm> [ 34 ]. Ibid. [ 35 ]. Ibid. [ 36 ]. Ibid.